Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Papal power: In spiritual matters, the pope is the supreme authority in the Catholic Church. He has the power to teach doctrine. In temporal matters, the pope is the head of state of Vatican City State. He also has a number of diplomatic privileges. See also Papacy._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Medieval Philosophy on Papal Power - Dictionary of Arguments
Gaus I 347 Papal power/Medieval philosophy/Kilcullen: On the central question of the relationship between spiritual and temporal power, Thomas Aquinas endorsed papal claims to supremacy, Giles maintained that all legitimate power on earth belongs primarily to the pope, and Marsilius that all legitimate coercive power belongs to the secular ruler. >Thomas Aquinas, >Power, >Society, >State. John of Paris argued for a restriction of the spiritual power to spiritual methods of action, and of the temporal power to temporal methods of action, but allowed each to use its appropriate methods to achieve indirectly some effects in the other's sphere. William of Ockham argued that the pope has fullness of power in spiritual matters and may on occasion intervene in temporal affairs, but only in situations of necessity when the laity will not or cannot act. >Papal power/Ockham. James of Viterbo argued a position like that of Giles (see Dyson, 1995)(2); so did Augustine of Ancona (see McGrade, Kilcullen and Kempshall, 2001(1): 418-83). John Wyclif continued Giles's argument that lordship cannot belong to unbelievers, or, as Wyclif argued, to anyone in sin (2001(1): 587—654). Several short works akin to John of Paris, On Royal and Papal Power, were produced at about the same time (see Dyson, 1999a(2); 1999b(3); on the circumstances of these writings see Saenger, 1981(4)). There were other contributors to the debate whose works are not available in English (for these see Miethke, 2000a(5)). No medieval writer, as far as I know, argued that secular power should as a matter of principle not be used to benefit true religion and discourage religious error. Kilcullen: To my knowledge the first persuasive argument* for such a degree of separation of the two powers was Bayle 's in the Philosophical Commentary(6). * The arguments of Locke's first Letter of Toleration were not strong enough to persuade those who needed persuading: it is not self-evident that the state exists to serve this-worldly purposes only. In his fourth letter Locke used arguments like Bayle's. 1. McGrade, Arthur Stephen, John Kilcullen and Matthew Kempshall (2001) The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts. Vol. 2, Ethics and Political Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2. Dyson, Robert W. , ed. and trans. (1999a) Three Royalist Tracts, 1296—1302: Antequam essent clerici; Disputatio inter clericum et militem; Quaestio in utramque partem. Bristol: Thoemmes. 3.Dyson, Robert W., ed. and trans. (1999b) Quaestio de potestate papae (Rex pacificus): An Enquiry into the Power of the Pope. Lewiston: Mellen. 4. Saenger, Paul (1981) 'John of Paris, principal author of the Quaestio de potestate papae (Rex pacificus)'. Speculum, 56: 41-55. 5. Miethke, Jürgen (2000a) De potestate papae: Die päpstliche Amtskompetenz im Widerstreit der politischen Theorie von Thomas von Aquin bis Wilhelm von Ockham. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. 6. Bayle, Pierre (1708) A Philosophical Commentary on These Words of the Gospel, Luke xiv.23, 'Compel them to come in, that my house may be full'. London: Darby. Kilcullen, John 2004. „Medieval Politial Theory“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Medieval Philosophy Gaus I Gerald F. Gaus Chandran Kukathas Handbook of Political Theory London 2004 |
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